Anterior Segment Tumours
A review of clinical assessment, ocular-surface and melanocytic lesions, conjunctival melanoma, eyelid malignancies, reconstruction and iris tumours. Includes a slide-based reading companion and knowledge check.
Open lecture
Explore academic lectures. Develop your understanding.
Earn a record of your learning.

The work of Prof Akram Anbari Foundation is carried out in collaboration with the Syrian Ophthalmologists Initiative.
Visit the Initiative’s YouTube channel ↗A review of clinical assessment, ocular-surface and melanocytic lesions, conjunctival melanoma, eyelid malignancies, reconstruction and iris tumours. Includes a slide-based reading companion and knowledge check.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering anterior uveitis classification, clinical assessment, systemic and infectious associations, JIA, Fuchs syndrome, management principles and monitoring for recurrence and complications.
Open lectureProf. Yehia Salah Mostafa presents the foundations of phacoemulsification, including preparation, positioning, foot-switch control, incision construction, capsulorhexis, hydro manoeuvres, nuclear disassembly and completion of cataract surgery. Reading sections and a knowledge check accompany the video.
Open lectureDr. Zine Elhousseini presents case-based management of posterior capsule rupture, anterior vitrectomy, assessment of capsular support, sulcus and other secondary IOL options, and postoperative care. Reading sections and a knowledge check accompany the video.
Open lectureDr. Obeda Kailani discusses cataract surgery in glaucoma eyes, the lifelong treatment journey, adaptations after previous glaucoma surgery, patient selection for combined MIGS, anatomical treatment pathways and evidence for selected interventions. Reading sections and a knowledge check accompany the video.
Open lecturePlanning cataract surgery in keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and previously operated corneas, with emphasis on reliable biometry, IOL selection, refractive uncertainty and patient counselling.
Open lectureCataract planning in small and large eyes, pseudoexfoliation (PXF) and intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS), focusing on assessment, biometry, pupil and capsular support, complications and counselling.
Open lectureAssessment and planning for cataract surgery in diabetes and previously injected eyes, covering retinal disease, treatment coordination, posterior capsule risk and counselling
Open lectureAssessment and planning for uveitic cataract, including inflammation control, visual potential, perioperative preparation, pupil access, IOL selection, paediatric considerations and postoperative care.
Open lecturePatient selection and planning for toric intraocular lenses, including corneal astigmatism, measurement reliability, induced astigmatism, calculations, alignment and postoperative assessment.
Open lectureExplore practical AI support for learning, communication, research and professional work while retaining human verification and responsibility.
Open lectureDevelop answerable research questions, interpret epidemiological measures and critically appraise evidence for clinical decisions.
Open lectureExplore clinical leadership, teamwork, service improvement and governance in ophthalmic care.
Open lectureDevelop teaching that turns information into understanding, practical application and lasting changes in performance.
Open lectureExplore diagnostic AI, surgical innovation, teleophthalmology, home monitoring and practical barriers to technology adoption.
Open lectureExplore secondary IOL options and case-based planning when normal capsular support is inadequate.
Open lectureDevelop a systematic approach to retinal OCT anatomy, image quality, fluid and vitreoretinal-interface findings.
Open lectureAn introduction to Ophthalmology Foundation activities, examination domains and preparation principles.
Open lectureReview imaging, observation, surgical options and the limits of evidence in optic disc pit maculopathy.
Open lectureCase-based assessment of corneal injury, foreign bodies, hyphaema, chemical burns, laceration and post-traumatic complications.
Open lectureCase-based recognition of retinal arterial ischaemia, giant cell arteritis, ocular ischaemic syndrome and transient visual loss.
Open lectureDisc swelling and raised intracranial pressure, optic neuritis, functional visual symptoms, anisocoria and urgent cranial-nerve presentations.
Open lectureEyelid and canalicular injury, reconstructive priorities, orbital fractures, entrapment, compartment syndrome and orbital foreign bodies.
Open lectureTrauma assessment, posterior-segment contusion, choroidal and macular injury, occult rupture and principles of staged repair.
Open lecturePrimary angle-closure staging, mechanisms and risk-based treatment, with secondary causes, lens surgery and angle procedures.
Open lectureGlaucomatous optic neuropathy, aqueous physiology, risk factors, pressure measurement and practical interpretation of gonioscopy.
Open lectureA structured assessment of the optic disc, OCT interpretation and artefacts, and reliable intraocular pressure measurement.
Open lectureVisual-field test selection, patient preparation, reliability, deviation maps and indices, and recognition of glaucomatous patterns.
Open lectureAssessment of complications after trabeculectomy and tube surgery, including hypotony, pressure elevation, choroidal events, infection and tube exposure.
Open lectureMechanism-based assessment of acute angle closure, plateau iris, drug-related closure and aqueous misdirection.
Open lectureClassification and recognition of childhood glaucoma, differential diagnosis, surgical options and long-term follow-up.
Open lectureSelection and mechanisms of glaucoma laser procedures, clinical trial context, safety and follow-up.
Open lecturePressure-lowering drug classes, individual treatment selection, adverse effects, adherence and quality of life.
Open lectureMechanism-based selection of minimally invasive glaucoma and bleb procedures, their evidence, limitations and complications.
Open lectureOpen-angle glaucoma pathogenesis, risk assessment, tonometry, structural and functional evaluation, and individualised treatment.
Open lectureCause-directed assessment of secondary glaucoma, including pigment, pseudoexfoliation, inflammation, neovascularisation, steroids and trauma.
Open lectureSelecting and monitoring conventional glaucoma surgery, with trabeculectomy, deep sclerectomy, drainage devices and postoperative complications.
Open lectureA slide-based guide to multimodal imaging in uveitis, covering fundus photography, autofluorescence, fluorescein and ICG angiography, OCT, OCT angiography and ultrasound for assessment and monitoring.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering infectious causes, clinical patterns and treatment priorities in uveitis. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering assessment, systemic associations and management of intermediate uveitis. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering classification, clinical assessment and focused investigation of uveitis. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lectureVisual-pathway anatomy, field localisation, OCT interpretation and targeted CT and MRI investigation.
Open lectureAn organised approach to visual loss using history, acuity, colour vision, pupils, optic-disc examination and visual fields.
Open lectureVisual-pathway localisation, chiasmal disease, pituitary apoplexy, and tract, radiation and occipital field patterns.
Open lecturePositive diagnostic findings, visual-function testing, coexisting disease, respectful communication and visual-snow symptoms.
Open lectureRecognising urgent causes of headache and ocular pain, with vascular emergencies, optic neuritis, trigeminal pain and migraine.
Open lectureVisual illusions and hallucinations, cortical visual processing, agnosia, Balint syndrome, neglect and related disorders.
Open lectureRestrictive motility disorders, thyroid eye disease, orbital trauma and high myopia, with neuromuscular mimics.
Open lectureOcular-motor examination, supranuclear and internuclear disorders, and third-, fourth- and sixth-nerve palsies.
Open lectureCharacterising nystagmus, recognising sensory and neurological causes, choosing investigations and supporting visual function.
Open lectureOptic-nerve dysfunction, disc swelling, papilloedema, intracranial hypertension, giant cell arteritis and optic neuritis.
Open lecturePupillary pathways, RAPD, anisocoria, tonic pupils, third-nerve palsy and Horner syndrome.
Open lectureRetinal mimics of neurological visual loss, autoimmune and paraneoplastic retinopathy, blind-spot enlargement and photoreceptor disease.
Open lectureCharacterising transient visual episodes, identifying retinal or cerebral ischaemia, and recognising other ocular and neurological causes.
Open lectureClinical perimetry, field-pattern localisation, interpretation limits and the roles of VEP and retinal electrophysiology.
Open lectureReview orbital anatomy, clinical assessment of orbital disorders, visual-function testing and the selection of imaging and investigations.
Open lectureDifferentiate preseptal and orbital infection, recognise dangerous complications and fungal disease, and introduce the clinical assessment of thyroid eye disease.
Open lectureExplore thyroid eye disease assessment and management, urgent visual threats, orbital vasculitis, IgG4-related disease and non-specific orbital inflammation.
Open lectureReview the causes, assessment and treatment principles of amblyopia, including optical correction, occlusion, penalisation and follow-up.
Open lectureReview paediatric cataract causes, visual assessment, optical rehabilitation, surgical planning and the need for long-term surveillance.
Open lectureUse case-based reasoning to distinguish infantile, accommodative, sensory and acquired esotropia and identify presentations needing neurological assessment.
Open lectureExplore the classification, measurement and management of exodeviations, including intermittent, sensory and consecutive exotropia.
Open lectureReview the anatomical and functional principles of eye-muscle surgery, procedure categories, planning considerations and important complications.
Open lectureReview the assessment of poor visual behaviour in infancy, sensory and motor causes of nystagmus, electrophysiology and neurological warning signs.
Open lectureProf. Norbert Bornfeld reviews retinoblastoma recognition, diagnostic assessment, RB1 genetics, disease extent and modern specialist treatment, followed by medulloepithelioma and its masquerade presentations. Reading material and a knowledge check accompany the video.
Open lectureReview congenital optic-disc variants, optic-nerve hypoplasia, drusen and important distinctions from acquired optic-nerve disease.
Open lectureReview a child-friendly sensory and motor examination, visual assessment, cover testing, prism measurements and complementary alignment tests.
Open lectureExplore ocular clues to metabolic, neurological, genetic, inflammatory and infectious systemic disease, with examples relevant to paediatric practice.
Open lectureExplore paediatric uveitis through cases involving arthritis, granulomatous disease, renal inflammation, infection, intermediate uveitis and masquerades.
Open lectureReview further paediatric uveitis cases, targeted investigation, multidisciplinary treatment, treatment monitoring and the management of complications.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering childhood uveitis complications, visual rehabilitation and masquerade recognition. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lectureThe lecture reviews the diagnosis and management of uveal melanoma, differentiation between choroidal nevus and melanoma, genetic prognostic markers including monosomy 3, biopsy techniques, radiotherapy and surgical treatment options, as well as the evaluation of intraocular metastases and vascular tumours of the retina and choroid.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering Behçet disease, VKH and sarcoidosis patterns in posterior uveitis. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering retinal vascular inflammation, complications and intraocular infection. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering anatomical reasoning, multimodal patterns and a case-based approach to white dot presentations. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lecturePrevention and recognition of phacoemulsification complications, with emphasis on visibility, incision problems, capsular tears, zonular instability, changing the operative plan and postoperative care.
Open lectureReview AMD classification, geographic atrophy, macular neovascularisation and the role of imaging and artificial intelligence.
Open lectureExplore four choroidal disorders, their imaging features, systemic associations and management principles.
Open lectureReview Coats disease and MacTel, then recognise ocular features of selected neurocutaneous syndromes.
Open lectureReview diabetic retinal disease, macular oedema, imaging and the selection of laser, injection and surgical management.
Open lectureRecognise medication-related retinal injury, screening principles and coordinated decisions about suspected toxicity.
Open lectureExplore OCT and angiographic findings in myopic traction, cavitation, lacquer cracks, neovascularisation and dome-shaped macula.
Open lectureIntroduce clinical phenotyping, electrophysiology, inheritance and genetic testing in inherited retinal disease.
Open lectureIntroduce vitrectomy equipment, common indications, membrane surgery and tamponade safety.
Open lectureRecognise four vascular or haemorrhagic retinal syndromes and their systemic context.
Open lectureReview ROP risk, screening, classification, treatment thresholds and long-term surveillance.
Open lectureReview sickle-cell retinal changes and a cause-based approach to cystoid macular oedema.
Open lectureSurvey retinal and optic-disc manifestations of metabolic, vascular, infectious, neurological and other systemic disease.
Open lectureReview hypertensive changes, retinal vein occlusion and the urgent systemic implications of retinal artery occlusion.
Open lectureReview vitreoretinal traction, retinal breaks, detachment mechanisms and repair principles.
Open lectureCase-based assessment of postoperative endophthalmitis and aqueous misdirection, covering differential diagnosis, urgent escalation, evidence interpretation, imaging and specialist management.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering urgent assessment of infectious and inflammatory causes of visual loss. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering structured clinical evaluation, classification and targeted work-up of uveitis. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lectureA slide-based learning module covering cause-directed treatment, steroid-sparing strategies and safety monitoring in uveitis. It includes reading sections and a knowledge check for clinical review.
Open lecture